This paper examines coherent passive optical networks (CPONs) and their role in advancing optical distribution networks (ODNs). It covers CPON background, objectives, and impact on ODN efficiency, including AI integration for enhanced management. The paper reviews relevant standards, network slicing, and the optical network unit (ONU) management control interface (OMCI) for interoperability. It contrasts intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) with coherent optical technologies, explores wavelength coexistence, and integrates dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) with CPON. Practical aspects of deploying cascaded ODNs for residential and multi-dwelling unit (MDU) coverage are discussed, highlighting the benefits of CPON in coverage and efficiency. The paper concludes with a discussion on how 100G CPON can future-proof fiber networks, addressing growing bandwidth and service demands.
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