Communications Service Providers (CSPs) typically sellmanaged 100G wave services to Global Content Network(GCN) operators, also called hyperscalers, which provide amajor revenue source to CSPs due to the very high bandwidthcapacities required by GCNs. When the network capacityrequired by the GCN is low enough, buying managed 100Gwave services from the CSP is cost-effective for the GCN.